{"id":1901,"date":"2026-09-28T16:24:51","date_gmt":"2026-09-28T16:24:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/accelthinking.com\/?p=1901"},"modified":"2026-10-03T19:12:40","modified_gmt":"2026-10-03T19:12:40","slug":"dry-run-code-tracing","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/accelthinking.com\/zh_cn\/dry-run-code-tracing\/","title":{"rendered":"What Is a Dry Run? 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href=\"#\">\u5173\u95ed<\/a><\/nav>\n<nav class=\"ati-nav\"><a class=\"\" href=\"\/zh_cn\/\">\u9996\u9875<\/a><a class=\"\" href=\"\/zh_cn\/northstar\/\">\u5317\u6781\u661f<\/a><a class=\"\" href=\"\/zh_cn\/learning\/\">\u5b66\u4e60\u8def\u5f84<\/a><a class=\"active\" href=\"\/zh_cn\/resources\/\">\u8d44\u6e90\u6587\u7ae0<\/a><a class=\"\" href=\"\/zh_cn\/about\/\">\u5173\u4e8e\u6211\u4eec<\/a><a class=\"\" href=\"\/zh_cn\/contact\/\">\u8054\u7cfb\u6211\u4eec<\/a><\/nav>\n<p>      <a class=\"ati-header-cta\" href=\"\/zh_cn\/northstar\/\">\u5f00\u59cb\u5317\u6781\u661f\u6d4b\u8bc4<\/a><br>\n    <\/p><\/header>\n<p>    <main><\/main><\/p>\n<section class=\"ati-hero ati-lang-en\">\n<div>\n<p class=\"ati-label\">Python DSA Notes<\/p>\n<h1 aria-label=\"What Is a Dry Run? Trace Your Code Before Running It\"><span class=\"ati-hero-title-line\"><span class=\"ati-word\"><span class=\"ati-letter\" style=\"--i:0\">W<\/span><span class=\"ati-letter\" style=\"--i:1\">h<\/span><span class=\"ati-letter\" style=\"--i:2\">a<\/span><span class=\"ati-letter\" style=\"--i:3\">t<\/span><\/span> <span class=\"ati-word\"><span class=\"ati-letter\" style=\"--i:5\">I<\/span><span class=\"ati-letter\" style=\"--i:6\">s<\/span><\/span> <span class=\"ati-word\"><span class=\"ati-letter\" style=\"--i:8\">a<\/span><\/span> <span class=\"ati-word\"><span class=\"ati-letter\" style=\"--i:10\">D<\/span><span class=\"ati-letter\" style=\"--i:11\">r<\/span><span class=\"ati-letter\" style=\"--i:12\">y<\/span><\/span> <span class=\"ati-word\"><span class=\"ati-letter\" style=\"--i:14\">R<\/span><span class=\"ati-letter\" style=\"--i:15\">u<\/span><span class=\"ati-letter\" style=\"--i:16\">n<\/span><span class=\"ati-letter\" style=\"--i:17\">?<\/span><\/span> <span class=\"ati-word\"><span class=\"ati-letter\" style=\"--i:19\">T<\/span><span class=\"ati-letter\" style=\"--i:20\">r<\/span><span class=\"ati-letter\" style=\"--i:21\">a<\/span><span class=\"ati-letter\" style=\"--i:22\">c<\/span><span class=\"ati-letter\" style=\"--i:23\">e<\/span><\/span> <span class=\"ati-word\"><span class=\"ati-letter\" style=\"--i:25\">Y<\/span><span class=\"ati-letter\" style=\"--i:26\">o<\/span><span class=\"ati-letter\" style=\"--i:27\">u<\/span><span class=\"ati-letter\" style=\"--i:28\">r<\/span><\/span> <span class=\"ati-word\"><span class=\"ati-letter\" style=\"--i:30\">C<\/span><span class=\"ati-letter\" style=\"--i:31\">o<\/span><span class=\"ati-letter\" style=\"--i:32\">d<\/span><span class=\"ati-letter\" style=\"--i:33\">e<\/span><\/span> <span class=\"ati-word\"><span class=\"ati-letter\" style=\"--i:35\">B<\/span><span class=\"ati-letter\" style=\"--i:36\">e<\/span><span class=\"ati-letter\" style=\"--i:37\">f<\/span><span class=\"ati-letter\" style=\"--i:38\">o<\/span><span class=\"ati-letter\" style=\"--i:39\">r<\/span><span class=\"ati-letter\" style=\"--i:40\">e<\/span><\/span> <span class=\"ati-word\"><span class=\"ati-letter\" style=\"--i:42\">R<\/span><span class=\"ati-letter\" style=\"--i:43\">u<\/span><span class=\"ati-letter\" style=\"--i:44\">n<\/span><span class=\"ati-letter\" style=\"--i:45\">n<\/span><span class=\"ati-letter\" style=\"--i:46\">i<\/span><span class=\"ati-letter\" style=\"--i:47\">n<\/span><span class=\"ati-letter\" style=\"--i:48\">g<\/span><\/span> <span class=\"ati-word\"><span class=\"ati-letter\" style=\"--i:50\">I<\/span><span class=\"ati-letter\" style=\"--i:51\">t<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/h1>\n<p>Trace code with small inputs and variable tables to catch boundary, initialization, and update-order mistakes.<\/p>\n<div class=\"ati-article-meta\"><span>\u4f5c\u8005\uff1aBerny<\/span><span>September 28, 2026<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<aside class=\"ati-side\"><strong>Small input<br>Variable table<br>Edge case<\/strong>\n<p>Follow the code in order and record each state change before you press Run.<\/p>\n<\/aside>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"ati-hero ati-lang-zh\">\n<div>\n<p class=\"ati-label\">Python DSA \u7b14\u8bb0<\/p>\n<h1 aria-label=\"Dry run \u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f\u5199\u4ee3\u7801\u524d\u5148\u5728\u7eb8\u4e0a\u8dd1\u4e00\u904d\">Dry run \u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f\u5199\u4ee3\u7801\u524d\u5148\u5728\u7eb8\u4e0a\u8dd1\u4e00\u904d<\/h1>\n<p>\u7528\u5c0f\u8f93\u5165\u548c\u53d8\u91cf\u8868\u9010\u884c\u6a21\u62df\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u524d\u53d1\u73b0\u8fb9\u754c\u3001\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u548c\u66f4\u65b0\u987a\u5e8f\u9519\u8bef\u3002<\/p>\n<div class=\"ati-article-meta\"><span>\u4f5c\u8005\uff1aBerny<\/span><span>2026 \u5e74 9 \u6708 28 \u65e5<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<aside class=\"ati-side\"><strong>\u5c0f\u8f93\u5165<br>\u53d8\u91cf\u8868<br>\u8fb9\u754c\u6d4b\u8bd5<\/strong>\n<p>\u4e25\u683c\u6309\u7167\u4ee3\u7801\u987a\u5e8f\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u5728\u70b9\u51fb Run \u4e4b\u524d\u8bb0\u5f55\u6bcf\u4e00\u6b65\u72b6\u6001\u53d8\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n<\/aside>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"ati-article-shell\">\n<article class=\"ati-article-card\">\n<div class=\"ati-share-tools\" data-ati-share>\n<div class=\"ati-share-copy\">\n<p class=\"ati-share-kicker\">\u5206\u4eab\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0<\/p>\n<p class=\"ati-share-note\">\u590d\u5236\u94fe\u63a5\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u624b\u673a\u5206\u4eab\u3001\u7528\u5fae\u4fe1\u626b\u7801\uff0c\u6216\u901a\u8fc7\u90ae\u4ef6\u53d1\u9001\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"ati-share-actions\">\n    <button type=\"button\" data-share-native>\u5206\u4eab<\/button><br>\n    <button type=\"button\" data-share-copy-link>\u590d\u5236\u94fe\u63a5<\/button><br>\n    <button type=\"button\" data-share-wechat>\u5fae\u4fe1\u4e8c\u7ef4\u7801<\/button><br>\n    <a data-share-email>\u90ae\u7bb1<\/a>\n  <\/div>\n<div class=\"ati-share-qr\" data-share-qr hidden>\n    <img loading=\"lazy\" data-share-qr-img alt=\"QR code for sharing this article\">\n<p>\u4f7f\u7528\u5fae\u4fe1\u626b\u7801\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5206\u4eab\u6587\u7ae0\u94fe\u63a5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"ati-share-status\" data-share-status aria-live=\"polite\">\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"ati-article-content ati-lang-en\">\n<article class=\"ati-post-article\">\n<p>Many students finish some code, press Run immediately, and add several <code>print()<\/code> statements when the answer is wrong. In algorithm problems, there is another habit that often saves more time: take a sample input and execute the code yourself on paper before running it.<\/p>\n<p>This is called a dry run, or code tracing. It can expose boundary, initialization, and update-order mistakes before submission.<\/p>\n<h2>What Happens in a Dry Run?<\/h2>\n<p>A dry run is not a guess. You follow the program one line at a time and record the current values of important variables.<\/p>\n<p>Suppose we want to find the largest value in a list:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-python\">numbers = [3, 1, 5, 2]\nlargest = numbers[0]\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    if number &gt; largest:\n        largest = number\n\nprint(largest)<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Trace it with a table:<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Current <code>number<\/code><\/th>\n<th><code>largest<\/code> before<\/th>\n<th><code>number &gt; largest<\/code><\/th>\n<th><code>largest<\/code> after<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>3<\/td>\n<td>3<\/td>\n<td><code>False<\/code><\/td>\n<td>3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<td>3<\/td>\n<td><code>False<\/code><\/td>\n<td>3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>5<\/td>\n<td>3<\/td>\n<td><code>True<\/code><\/td>\n<td>5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>2<\/td>\n<td>5<\/td>\n<td><code>False<\/code><\/td>\n<td>5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>The final result is 5. More importantly, the table shows how the algorithm's state changes instead of showing only its final output.<\/p>\n<h2>Why Does the Variable Table Help?<\/h2>\n<p>Algorithm mistakes are often logic errors, not syntax errors. The code runs, but one iteration updates the wrong value or an edge case produces an incorrect answer.<\/p>\n<p>For every iteration, the table makes you identify the current input, the state before the decision, whether the condition is true or false, and the state after the update. When the trace first differs from your expectation, you have found the neighborhood of the bug.<\/p>\n<h2>Finding an Initialization Bug<\/h2>\n<p>Consider this version:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-python\">numbers = [-4, -2, -7]\nlargest = 0\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    if number &gt; largest:\n        largest = number\n\nprint(largest)<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Every comparison is false, so the program prints 0 even though 0 is not in the input. The loop is not the problem. Initializing <code>largest<\/code> to 0 introduced an invalid candidate when all values were negative.<\/p>\n<p>Initialize from the data instead:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-python\">numbers = [-4, -2, -7]\nlargest = numbers[0]\n\nfor number in numbers[1:]:\n    if number &gt; largest:\n        largest = number\n\nprint(largest)<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>The new trace finishes with <code>-2<\/code>. A small edge-case input revealed a mistake that an ordinary positive example would hide.<\/p>\n<h2>Checking Update Order<\/h2>\n<p>A dry run also catches mistakes when one iteration updates several variables:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-python\">a = 2\nb = 5\n\na = b\nb = a<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>After <code>a = b<\/code>, both values are already 5. The second assignment cannot recover the old value of <code>a<\/code>. Tracing each assignment shows exactly where that information was lost. In Python, the swap can be written as <code>a, b = b, a<\/code>.<\/p>\n<h2>A Five-Step Dry Run<\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li>Choose a small but representative input.<\/li>\n<li>Identify the variables that can change.<\/li>\n<li>Create one table row for every loop iteration.<\/li>\n<li>Update values in the exact order used by the code.<\/li>\n<li>Repeat with an edge case such as a minimum input, duplicates, all-negative values, or a value exactly on a boundary.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>The input should be small enough to trace clearly but varied enough to make important conditions become both true and false.<\/p>\n<h2>Dry Run vs. Runtime Debugging<\/h2>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Method<\/th>\n<th>When to use it<\/th>\n<th>Best at finding<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Dry run<\/td>\n<td>Before running or submitting<\/td>\n<td>Idea, boundary, initialization, and update-order errors<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><code>print()<\/code> debugging<\/td>\n<td>While the program runs<\/td>\n<td>Actual execution paths and values<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Debugger<\/td>\n<td>When step-by-step pauses are useful<\/td>\n<td>More complex calls and program state<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>These methods complement one another. A useful sequence is to trace the idea first, run tests second, and then gather runtime evidence if a problem remains.<\/p>\n<h2>Practice<\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li>Trace the maximum-finding code with <code>numbers = [4, 2, 6]<\/code> and record <code>number<\/code> and <code>largest<\/code>.<\/li>\n<li>Test the <code>largest = 0<\/code> version with <code>numbers = [-3]<\/code> and explain the failure.<\/li>\n<li>Challenge: dry-run a loop that sums a list, then design an edge case for an empty list.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>One-Sentence Takeaway<\/h2>\n<p>A dry run uses a small input to trace code and record changing variables, revealing boundary, initialization, and update-order errors before execution.<\/p>\n<\/article>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"ati-article-content ati-lang-zh\">\n<article class=\"ati-post-article\">\n<p>\u4ee3\u7801\u5199\u5b8c\u540e\u7acb\u523b\u70b9 Run\uff0c\u770b\u5230\u9519\u8bef\u518d\u52a0\u51e0\u4e2a <code>print()<\/code>\uff0c\u662f\u5f88\u591a\u540c\u5b66\u6700\u719f\u6089\u7684\u8c03\u8bd5\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u4f46\u7b97\u6cd5\u9898\u91cc\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u7701\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u4e60\u60ef\uff1a\u5148\u4e0d\u8fd0\u884c\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u81ea\u5df1\u62ff\u4e00\u7ec4\u8f93\u5165\uff0c\u6309\u7167\u4ee3\u7801\u987a\u5e8f\u5728\u7eb8\u4e0a\u8dd1\u4e00\u904d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u53eb dry run\uff0c\u4e5f\u5e38\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u624b\u52a8\u6a21\u62df\u6216 code tracing\u3002\u5b83\u80fd\u5e2e\u4f60\u5728\u63d0\u4ea4\u524d\u53d1\u73b0\u8fb9\u754c\u3001\u53d8\u91cf\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u548c\u66f4\u65b0\u987a\u5e8f\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>Dry run \u5230\u5e95\u5728\u505a\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f<\/h2>\n<p>Dry run \u4e0d\u662f\u51ed\u611f\u89c9\u731c\u8f93\u51fa\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u50cf Python \u4e00\u6837\u9010\u884c\u6267\u884c\u4ee3\u7801\u3002\u6bcf\u6267\u884c\u4e00\u6b65\uff0c\u5c31\u8bb0\u5f55\u91cd\u8981\u53d8\u91cf\u5f53\u524d\u7684\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5047\u8bbe\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u627e\u51fa list \u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u5927\u503c\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-python\">numbers = [3, 1, 5, 2]\nlargest = numbers[0]\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    if number &gt; largest:\n        largest = number\n\nprint(largest)<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u4e0d\u7528\u8fd0\u884c\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u5148\u753b\u4e00\u5f20\u53d8\u91cf\u8868\uff1a<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u5f53\u524d <code>number<\/code><\/th>\n<th>\u6bd4\u8f83\u524d <code>largest<\/code><\/th>\n<th><code>number &gt; largest<\/code><\/th>\n<th>\u6bd4\u8f83\u540e <code>largest<\/code><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>3<\/td>\n<td>3<\/td>\n<td><code>False<\/code><\/td>\n<td>3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<td>3<\/td>\n<td><code>False<\/code><\/td>\n<td>3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>5<\/td>\n<td>3<\/td>\n<td><code>True<\/code><\/td>\n<td>5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>2<\/td>\n<td>5<\/td>\n<td><code>False<\/code><\/td>\n<td>5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u5faa\u73af\u7ed3\u675f\u540e\uff0c<code>largest<\/code> \u662f 5\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8f93\u51fa 5\u3002\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u8fd9\u5f20\u8868\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u770b\u89c1\u4e86\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u5982\u4f55\u4e00\u6b65\u6b65\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u6700\u540e\u7b54\u6848\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u53d8\u91cf\u8868\u5f88\u6709\u7528\uff1f<\/h2>\n<p>\u7b97\u6cd5\u4e2d\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u7ecf\u5e38\u4e0d\u662f\u8bed\u6cd5\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u7a0b\u5e8f\u53ef\u4ee5\u6b63\u5e38\u8fd0\u884c\uff0c\u5374\u5728\u67d0\u4e00\u8f6e\u66f4\u65b0\u9519\u4e86\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5728\u8fb9\u754c\u8f93\u5165\u4e0b\u5f97\u5230\u9519\u8bef\u7b54\u6848\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u53d8\u91cf\u8868\u4f1a\u5f3a\u8feb\u6211\u4eec\u56de\u7b54\u56db\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff1a<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u8fd9\u4e00\u8f6e\u5904\u7406\u54ea\u4e2a\u8f93\u5165\uff1f<\/li>\n<li>\u5224\u65ad\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5173\u952e\u53d8\u91cf\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f<\/li>\n<li>\u6761\u4ef6\u662f <code>True<\/code> \u8fd8\u662f <code>False<\/code>\uff1f<\/li>\n<li>\u6267\u884c\u66f4\u65b0\u540e\uff0c\u53d8\u91cf\u53d8\u6210\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u7eb8\u4e0a\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u548c\u4f60\u7684\u9884\u671f\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u95ee\u9898\u901a\u5e38\u5c31\u5728\u90a3\u4e00\u884c\u9644\u8fd1\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>Dry run \u80fd\u53d1\u73b0\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u9519\u8bef<\/h2>\n<p>\u518d\u770b\u4e00\u4e2a\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u5dee\u4e0d\u591a\u7684\u7248\u672c\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-python\">numbers = [-4, -2, -7]\nlargest = 0\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    if number &gt; largest:\n        largest = number\n\nprint(largest)<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u7528\u53d8\u91cf\u8868\u6a21\u62df\uff1a<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u5f53\u524d <code>number<\/code><\/th>\n<th>\u6bd4\u8f83\u524d <code>largest<\/code><\/th>\n<th><code>number &gt; largest<\/code><\/th>\n<th>\u6bd4\u8f83\u540e <code>largest<\/code><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>-4<\/td>\n<td>0<\/td>\n<td><code>False<\/code><\/td>\n<td>0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>-2<\/td>\n<td>0<\/td>\n<td><code>False<\/code><\/td>\n<td>0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>-7<\/td>\n<td>0<\/td>\n<td><code>False<\/code><\/td>\n<td>0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u6700\u540e\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8f93\u51fa 0\uff0c\u4f46 0 \u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u5728\u8f93\u5165\u91cc\u3002\u95ee\u9898\u4e0d\u662f\u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u521d\u59cb\u5316\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u6240\u6709\u6570\u5b57\u90fd\u662f\u8d1f\u6570\uff0c<code>largest = 0<\/code> \u5c31\u7ed9\u7b97\u6cd5\u653e\u8fdb\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u5c5e\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5019\u9009\u7b54\u6848\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u66f4\u7a33\u59a5\u7684\u5199\u6cd5\u662f\u4ece\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u5f00\u59cb\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-python\">numbers = [-4, -2, -7]\nlargest = numbers[0]\n\nfor number in numbers[1:]:\n    if number &gt; largest:\n        largest = number\n\nprint(largest)<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u8fd9\u6b21 dry run \u4f1a\u5f97\u5230 <code>-2<\/code>\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c0f\u5c0f\u7684\u8fb9\u754c\u8f93\u5165\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u66b4\u9732\u4e86\u6b63\u5e38\u6b63\u6570\u6837\u4f8b\u770b\u4e0d\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>Dry run \u8fd8\u80fd\u68c0\u67e5\u66f4\u65b0\u987a\u5e8f<\/h2>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u8f6e\u5faa\u73af\u4f1a\u66f4\u65b0\u591a\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u987a\u5e8f\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u6539\u53d8\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u4ea4\u6362\u4e24\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u65f6\u8fd9\u6837\u5199\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-python\">a = 2\nb = 5\n\na = b\nb = a<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u624b\u52a8\u6267\u884c\u7b2c\u4e00\u884c\u540e\uff0c<code>a<\/code> \u5df2\u7ecf\u53d8\u6210 5\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u884c\u518d\u6267\u884c <code>b = a<\/code>\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u4ecd\u7136\u662f 5\u3002\u6700\u540e\u4e24\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u90fd\u662f 5\uff0c\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u5b8c\u6210\u4ea4\u6362\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u53d8\u91cf\u8868\u4f1a\u6e05\u695a\u663e\u793a\uff1a<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u6b65\u9aa4<\/th>\n<th><code>a<\/code><\/th>\n<th><code>b<\/code><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u521d\u59cb<\/td>\n<td>2<\/td>\n<td>5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><code>a = b<\/code> \u540e<\/td>\n<td>5<\/td>\n<td>5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><code>b = a<\/code> \u540e<\/td>\n<td>5<\/td>\n<td>5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Python \u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u5199\uff1a<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-python\">a, b = b, a<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Dry run \u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u627e\u51fa\u201c\u7b54\u6848\u9519\u4e86\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5b9a\u4f4d\u53d8\u91cf\u5728\u54ea\u4e00\u6b65\u5931\u53bb\u4e86\u539f\u6765\u7684\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u600e\u6837\u505a\u4e00\u6b21\u6709\u6548\u7684 Dry run\uff1f<\/h2>\n<p>\u53ef\u4ee5\u56fa\u5b9a\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0b\u9762\u4e94\u6b65\uff1a<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u9009\u62e9\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c0f\u800c\u6709\u4ee3\u8868\u6027\u7684\u8f93\u5165\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5708\u51fa\u4f1a\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u5173\u952e\u53d8\u91cf\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u4e3a\u5faa\u73af\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u8f6e\u753b\u4e00\u884c\u8868\u683c\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u4e25\u683c\u6309\u7167\u4ee3\u7801\u987a\u5e8f\u66f4\u65b0\uff0c\u4e0d\u8981\u5728\u8111\u4e2d\u8df3\u6b65\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u7528\u8fb9\u754c\u8f93\u5165\u518d\u8dd1\u4e00\u6b21\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u6700\u5c0f\u89c4\u6a21\u3001\u91cd\u590d\u503c\u3001\u5168\u8d1f\u6570\u6216\u521a\u597d\u5361\u5728\u6761\u4ef6\u8fb9\u7f18\u7684\u503c\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u8f93\u5165\u8981\u5c0f\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u770b\u6e05\u6bcf\u4e00\u6b65\uff1b\u8f93\u5165\u4e5f\u8981\u6709\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u8ba9\u6761\u4ef6\u65e2\u51fa\u73b0 <code>True<\/code>\uff0c\u4e5f\u51fa\u73b0 <code>False<\/code>\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>Dry run \u548c print debugging \u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u533a\u522b\uff1f<\/h2>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u65b9\u6cd5<\/th>\n<th>\u4ec0\u4e48\u65f6\u5019\u7528<\/th>\n<th>\u6700\u9002\u5408\u53d1\u73b0\u4ec0\u4e48<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Dry run<\/td>\n<td>\u8fd0\u884c\u6216\u63d0\u4ea4\u524d<\/td>\n<td>\u601d\u8def\u3001\u8fb9\u754c\u3001\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u3001\u66f4\u65b0\u987a\u5e8f\u9519\u8bef<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><code>print()<\/code> debugging<\/td>\n<td>\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5df2\u7ecf\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6<\/td>\n<td>\u5b9e\u9645\u6267\u884c\u8def\u5f84\u548c\u771f\u5b9e\u53d8\u91cf\u503c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Debugger<\/td>\n<td>\u9700\u8981\u9010\u884c\u6682\u505c\u65f6<\/td>\n<td>\u8f83\u590d\u6742\u7684\u8c03\u7528\u548c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u72b6\u6001<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u5b83\u4eec\u4e0d\u662f\u4e92\u76f8\u66ff\u4ee3\u3002\u597d\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u901a\u5e38\u662f\uff1a\u5148 dry run \u68c0\u67e5\u601d\u8def\uff0c\u518d\u8fd0\u884c\u6d4b\u8bd5\uff1b\u4ecd\u6709\u95ee\u9898\u65f6\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 <code>print()<\/code> \u6216 debugger \u6536\u96c6\u8bc1\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u5c0f\u7ec3\u4e60<\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li>\u5bf9 <code>numbers = [4, 2, 6]<\/code> \u624b\u52a8\u6a21\u62df\u627e\u6700\u5927\u503c\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u753b\u51fa <code>number<\/code> \u548c <code>largest<\/code> \u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u8868\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u7528 <code>numbers = [-3]<\/code> \u6d4b\u8bd5 <code>largest = 0<\/code> \u7684\u7248\u672c\uff0c\u89e3\u91ca\u9519\u8bef\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u54ea\u91cc\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u6311\u6218\u9898\uff1a\u5bf9\u4e00\u4e2a\u8ba1\u7b97 list \u603b\u548c\u7684\u5faa\u73af\u505a dry run\uff0c\u5e76\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e00\u4e2a\u80fd\u68c0\u67e5\u7a7a list \u7684\u8fb9\u754c\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>\u4e00\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bb0\u4f4f<\/h2>\n<p>Dry run \u5c31\u662f\u7528\u5c0f\u8f93\u5165\u9010\u884c\u6a21\u62df\u4ee3\u7801\u3001\u8bb0\u5f55\u53d8\u91cf\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u5728\u771f\u6b63\u8fd0\u884c\u524d\u53d1\u73b0\u8fb9\u754c\u3001\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u548c\u66f4\u65b0\u987a\u5e8f\u9519\u8bef\u3002<\/p>\n<\/article>\n<\/div>\n<section class=\"ati-feedback-cta ati-lang-en\" data-ati-feedback>\n<div class=\"ati-feedback-copy\">\n<p class=\"ati-feedback-title\">\u6709\u95ee\u9898\u6216\u5efa\u8bae\uff1f<\/p>\n<p class=\"ati-feedback-note\">\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u5bf9\u672c\u6587\u6709\u7591\u95ee\uff0c\u6216\u5e0c\u671b\u63d0\u51fa\u6539\u8fdb\u5efa\u8bae\uff0c\u8bf7\u7ed9\u6211\u4eec\u53d1\u9001\u79c1\u5bc6\u7559\u8a00\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>  <a class=\"ati-feedback-button\" href=\"\/zh_cn\/contact\/\" data-ati-feedback-link>\u53d1\u9001\u53cd\u9988<\/a><br>\n<\/p><\/section>\n<section class=\"ati-feedback-cta ati-lang-zh\" data-ati-feedback>\n<div class=\"ati-feedback-copy\">\n<p 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